Classification of metal forging

Metal forging can be classified into different categories based on several criteria such as the temperature at which the forging process is conducted, the shape of the die used in the process, and the type of equipment used. Here are some common classifications of metal forging:

1. Temperature:

- Cold forging: done at or near room temperature

- Warm forging: done at a temperature between room temperature and the recrystallization temperature of the metal

- Hot forging: done at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the metal

2. Die shape:

- Open-die forging: the metal is compressed between two flat dies, allowing it to flow freely and take on the shape of the die cavities

- Closed-die forging: the metal is compressed within a die that has a specific shape, resulting in a specific shape of the finished product

3. Equipment used:

- Hammer forging: done using a hammer, typically used for small scale production

- Press forging: done using a press, which exerts a continuous force on the metal, typically used for large scale production

Overall, metal forging is a complex process that requires careful consideration of the metal type, temperature, shape of the die, and equipment used in order to produce a high-quality finished product.